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Shirley Day Limited the Ancient Art of Southeast Asia 1991

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Eastern region of Asia

East Asia
East Asia (orthographic projection).svg
Surface area 11,840,000 kmtwo (4,570,000 sq mi) (3rd)
Population one.half dozen billion (2020; 4th)
Population density 141.nine/km2 (54.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP) $twoscore trillion (2022)[ane]
GDP (nominal) $28 trillion (2022)[2]
GDP per capita $17,500 (nominal)[ii]
Demonym East Asian
Countries

half-dozen states[3] [4] [five] [half-dozen]

  • China
  • Nippon
  • Mongolia
  • North korea
  • South korea
  • Taiwan
Dependencies

2 autonomous dependencies

  • Hong Kong (China)
  • Macau (People's republic of china)
Languages
  • Chinese
  • Japanese
  • Korean
  • Mongolian
  • Tibetan
  • Others
Fourth dimension zones UTC+vii, UTC+8 & UTC+9
Largest cities Listing of urban areas:[7]
  • Beijing
  • Busan
  • Hong Kong
  • Macau
  • Osaka
  • Pyongyang
  • Seoul
  • Shanghai
  • Shenzhen
  • Tokyo
  • Yokohama
  • Ulaanbaatar
  • Taipei
UN M49 code 030 – Eastern asia
142 – Asia
001 – Globe
East asia
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 东亚/东亚细亚
Traditional Chinese 東亞/東亞細亞
Tibetan name
Tibetan ཨེ་ཤ་ཡ་ཤར་མ་
Korean name
Hangul 동아시아/동아세아/동아
Hanja 東아시아/東亞細亞/東亞
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic Зүүн Ази
ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢ
Japanese name
Kana ひがしアジア/とうあ
Kyūjitai 東亞細亞/東亞
Shinjitai 東亜細亜（東アジア）/東亜
Uyghur name
Uyghur شەرقىي ئاسىي‎

East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms.[8] [9] The modern states of Eastward Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, Republic of korea, and Taiwan.[3] [4] [5] [vi] China, North korea, South Korea and Taiwan are all unrecognised by at to the lowest degree 1 other East Asian state due to astringent ongoing political tensions in the region, specifically the partitioning of Korea and the political status of Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau, two pocket-size coastal quasi-dependent territories located in the s of Prc, are officially highly autonomous only are nether de jure Chinese sovereignty. Nippon, Taiwan, Republic of korea, Mainland People's republic of china, Hong Kong, and Macau are among the world'south largest and most prosperous economies.[10] East Asia borders Siberia and the Russian Far East to the north, Southeast Asia to the s, S Asia to the southwest, and Central Asia to the west. To the east is the Pacific Sea and to the southeast is Micronesia (a Pacific Ocean isle group, classified as part of Oceania).

East asia, especially Chinese civilization, is regarded as one of the earliest cradles of civilisation. Other ancient civilizations in East asia that nevertheless exist as independent countries in the present twenty-four hour period include the Japanese, Korean and Mongolian civilizations. Diverse other civilizations existed as dissever political entities in Eastern asia in the past just have since been absorbed into neighbouring civilizations in the nowadays day, such as Tibet, Baiyue, Manchuria, Ryukyu and Ainu among many others. Taiwan has a relatively young history in the region afterwards the prehistoric era; originally, it was a major site of Austronesian culture prior to colonisation past European colonial powers and China from the 17th century onward. For thousands of years, Mainland china was the leading civilization in the region, exerting influence on its neighbours.[eleven] [12] [thirteen] Historically, societies in Eastern asia have fallen within the Chinese sphere of influence, and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are oft derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. The Chinese calendar serves equally the root from which many other Eastward Asian calendars are derived. Major religions in Eastern asia include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana[14]), Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Ancestral worship, and Chinese folk religion in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, Shintoism in Japan, and Christianity, and Sindoism in Korea.[15] [16] [17] Tengerism and Tibetan Buddhism are prevalent amid Mongols and Tibetans while other religions such as Shamanism are widespread among the indigenous populations of northeastern China such as the Manchus.[18] [19] [xx] Major languages in Due east Asia include Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Major indigenous groups of E Asia include the Han (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan), Yamato (Japan) and Koreans (Democratic people's republic of korea, S Korea). Mongols, although not as populous equally the previous three ethnic groups, constitute the majority of Mongolia's population. There are 76 officially-recognised minority or indigenous indigenous groups in Eastern asia; 55 native to mainland China (including Hui, Manchus, Chinese Mongols, Tibetans, Uyghurs and Zhuang in the borderland regions), 16 native to the island of Taiwan (collectively known as Taiwanese indigenous peoples), 1 native to the major Japanese island of Hokkaido (the Ainu) and iv native to Mongolia (Turkic peoples). Ryukyuan people are an unrecognised ethnic group indigenous to the Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan, which stretch from Kyushu Isle (Japan) to Taiwan. In that location are also several unrecognised indigenous ethnic groups in mainland Mainland china and Taiwan.

East Asian people comprise around 1.7 billion people, making up about 38% of the population in Continental Asia and 20.5% of the global population.[21] [22] [23] The region is habitation to major earth metropolises such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, and Tokyo. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region class one of the world's most populated places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is very sparsely distributed, with Mongolia having the everyman population density of a sovereign state. The overall population density of the region is 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi), near three times the world boilerplate of 45/km2 (120/sq mi).[ when? ] [ citation needed ]

History [edit]

China was the first region settled in Due east Asia and was undoubtedly the cadre of E Asian civilization from where other parts of East Asia were formed.[24] The diverse other regions in Eastern asia were selective in the Chinese influences they adopted into their local community. Historian Ping-ti Ho famously labeled Chinese civilisation as the "Cradle of Eastern Civilisation", in parallel with the "Cradle of Middle Eastern Civilization" along the Fertile Crescent encompassing Mesopotamia and Aboriginal Egypt[25] besides equally the Cradle of Western Civilization encompassing Ancient Greece [a] and Aboriginal Rome [b]

Chinese civilization existed for about 1500 years before other East Asian civilizations emerged into history, Imperial China would exert much of its cultural, economic, technological, and political muscle onto its neighbours.[42] [43] [44] [45] Succeeding Chinese dynasties exerted enormous influence across Eastern asia culturally, economically, politically and militarily for over two millennia.[45] [46] [47] The Royal Chinese tributary system shaped much of East Asia's history for over two millennia due to Imperial Cathay'due south economical and cultural influence over the region, and thus played a huge part in the history of East asia in particular.[48] [49] [44] Purple Cathay'due south cultural preeminence non merely led the country to become Due east Asia's first literate nation in the unabridged region, it also supplied Nippon and Korea with Chinese loanwords and linguistic influences rooted in their writing systems.[l]

Under Emperor Wu of Han, the Han dynasty made China the regional power in Eastern asia, projecting much of its imperial ability on its neighbours.[45] [51] Han China hosted the largest unified population in Eastward Asia, the most literate and urbanised also every bit being the most economically adult, as well as the most technologically and culturally advanced civilization in the region at the time.[52] [53] Cultural and religious interaction betwixt the Chinese and other regional Due east Asian dynasties and kingdoms occurred. Red china's impact and influence on Korea began with the Han dynasty's northeastern expansion in 108 BC when the Han Chinese conquered the northern office of the Korean peninsula and established a province called Lelang. Chinese influence would soon accept root in Korea through the inclusion of the Chinese writing arrangement, monetary system, rice culture, and Confucian political institutions.[54] Jomon society in ancient Nippon incorporated wet-rice cultivation and metallurgy through its contact with Korea. Starting from the fourth century Advertizing, Japan incorporated the Chinese writing system which evolved into Kanji by the fifth century Advert and has become a significant role of the Japanese writing arrangement.[55] Utilizing the Chinese writing system allowed the Japanese to deport their daily activities, maintain historical records and give form to diverse ideas, thoughts, and philosophies.[56] During the Tang dynasty, China exerted its greatest influence on East asia every bit various aspects of Chinese civilization spread to Japan and Korea.[57] [58] Every bit full-fledged medieval E Asian states were established, Korea by the fourth century Advertising and Japan by the seventh century Advert, Japan and Korea actively began to comprise Chinese influences such every bit Confucianism, the use of written Han characters, Chinese style architecture, country institutions, political philosophies, religion, urban planning, and diverse scientific and technological methods into their culture and social club through direct contacts with Tang China and succeeding Chinese dynasties.[57] [58] [59] Drawing inspiration from the Tang political arrangement, Prince Naka no oe launched the Taika Reform in 645 AD where he radically transformed Japan'southward political bureaucracy into a more centralised bureaucratic empire.[60] The Japanese also adopted Mahayana Buddhism, Chinese style architecture, and the imperial court's rituals and ceremonies, including the orchestral music and state dances had Tang influences. Written Chinese gained prestige and aspects of Tang civilization such as verse, calligraphy, and landscape painting became widespread.[60] During the Nara menses, Japan began to aggressively import Chinese culture and styles of government which included Confucian protocol that served as a foundation for Japanese culture too as political and social philosophy.[61] [62] The Japanese also created laws adopted from the Chinese legal system that was used to govern in addition to the kimono, which was inspired from the Chinese robe (hanfu) during the eighth century Advertisement.[63] For many centuries, nigh notably from the seventh to the 14th centuries, Cathay stood as E Asia's most advanced civilisation and foremost military and economic power exerting its influence as the manual of advanced Chinese cultural practices and ways of thinking profoundly shaped the region upwardly until the nineteenth century.[64] [65] [66] [67]

As East Asia's connections with Europe and the Western world strengthened during the belatedly nineteenth century, People's republic of china's power began to turn down.[42] [68] By the mid-nineteenth century, the weakening Qing dynasty became fraught with political corruption, obstacles and stagnation that was incapable of rejuvenating itself as a world ability in dissimilarity to the industrializing Purple European colonial powers and a rapidly modernizing Nippon.[69] [70] The U.South. Commodore Matthew C. Perry would open Japan to Western ways, and the country would expand in hostage after the 1860s.[71] [72] [73] Around the aforementioned time, Nihon with its blitz to modernity transformed itself from an isolated feudal samurai state into East asia'south commencement industrialised nation in the modern era.[74] [75] [72] The modern and militarily powerful Japan would galvanise its position in the Orient as East asia'south greatest power with a global mission poised to advance to lead the entire earth.[74] [76] By the early 1900s, the Japanese empire succeeded in asserting itself as E Asia's nigh dominant power.[76] With its newly found international status, Japan would brainstorm to challenge the European colonial powers and inextricably took on a more active geopolitical position in Due east Asia and world affairs at large.[77] Flexing its nascent political and war machine might, Japan soundly defeated the stagnant Qing dynasty during the Outset Sino-Japanese State of war too as vanquishing majestic rival Russia in 1905; the starting time major military victory in the mod era of an East Asian ability over a European one.[78] [79] [80] [81] [71] Its hegemony was the middle of an empire that would include Taiwan and Korea.[74] During Globe War II, Japanese expansionism with its imperialist aspirations through the Greater Eastern asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would incorporate Korea, Taiwan, much of eastern People's republic of china and Manchuria, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia under its control establishing itself equally a maritime colonial power in East asia.[82] Later on a century of exploitation by the European and Japanese colonialists, post-colonial East asia saw the defeat and occupation of Japan past the victorious Allies likewise as the division of People's republic of china and Korea during the Common cold War. The Korean peninsula became independent but then it was divided into two rival states, while Taiwan became the main territory of de facto state Republic of China later on the latter lost Mainland China to the People's Republic of Red china in the Chinese Civil State of war. During the latter half of the twentieth century, the region would see the mail war economic miracle of Japan, which ushered in iii decades of unprecedented growth, only to experience an economic slowdown during the 1990s, but yet Nippon continues to remain a global economic power. East asia would as well come across the economic rise of S Korea and Taiwan, and the integration of Cathay into the global economy through its entry in the Earth Trade Organisation while enhancing its emerging international status every bit a potential world power.[three] [83] [84] Although at that place have been no wars in Eastward Asia for decades, the stability of the region remains fragile considering of Due north Korea'southward nuclear plan.

Definitions [edit]

Three sets of possible boundaries for the Central Asia region that overlap with conceptions of Eastern asia

In common usage, the term "East Asia" typically refers to a region including Greater Cathay, Japan, and Korea.[85] [86] [87] [88] [21] [89] [xc] [91] [92] [93] [84]

China, Nihon, and Korea correspond the three core countries and civilizations of traditional E Asia - as they once shared a common written language, civilisation, as well as sharing Confucian philosophical tenets and the Confucian societal value system once instituted by Regal People's republic of china.[94] [95] [96] [97] [98] Other usages define Mainland Cathay, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, Democratic people's republic of korea, Republic of korea and Taiwan equally countries that institute Eastern asia based on their geographic proximity also as historical and modern cultural and economic ties, particularly with Japan and Korea having stiff cultural influences that originated from Cathay.[94] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] Some scholars include Vietnam as part of East Asia as it has been considered part of the greater Chinese sphere of influence. Though Confucianism continues to play an of import function in Vietnamese civilisation, Chinese characters are no longer used in its written language and many scholarly organisations classify Vietnam as a Southeast Asian state.[103] [104] [105] Mongolia is geographically north of Mainland Red china yet Confucianism and the Chinese writing organisation and culture had express bear upon on Mongolian gild. Thus, Mongolia is sometimes grouped with Cardinal Asian countries such as Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.[103] [104] Xinjiang (Eastward Turkestan) and Tibet are sometimes seen as part of Key Asia.[106] [107] [108]

Broader and looser definitions by international organisations such as the World Bank refer to the "three major Northeast Asian economies, i.e. Mainland People's republic of china, Japan, and Republic of korea", as well equally Mongolia, North Korea, the Russian Far East and Siberia.[109] The Quango on Foreign Relations includes the Russia Far Due east, Mongolia, and Nepal.[110] The World Banking concern also acknowledges the roles of sub-national or de facto states, such as Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. The Economic Research Constitute for Northeast Asia defines the region as "China, Nihon, the Koreas, Nepal, Mongolia, and eastern regions of the Russia".[111]

The countries of Eastern asia also form the core of Northeast Asia, which itself is a broader region.

East asia map of Köppen climate nomenclature.

UNSD geoscheme for Asia based on statistic convenience rather than implying any supposition regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories:[112]

East asia

The UNSD definition of East Asia is based on statistical convenience,[112] simply also other common definitions of East Asia comprise the Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, Democratic people's republic of korea, Republic of korea, Taiwan and Japan.[viii] [113]

Alternative definitions [edit]

In business and economics, "East asia" is sometimes used to refer to the geographical surface area roofing ten Southeast Asian countries in Association of southeast asian nations, Greater China, Japan and Korea. Withal, in this context, the term "Far E" is used past the Europeans to embrace Association of southeast asian nations countries and the countries in Eastern asia. However, existence a Eurocentric term, Far East describes the region'due south geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term "Asia Pacific Region" is often used in describing Eastern asia, Southeast Asia also every bit Oceania.[ citation needed ]

Observers preferring a broader definition of "Eastern asia" oft use the term Northeast Asia to refer to China, the Korean Peninsula, and Nihon, with Southeast Asia covering the 10 ASEAN countries. This usage, which is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical meanings of both "East Asia" and "Northeast Asia".[114] [115] [116] The Council on Strange Relations of the United states of america defines Northeast Asia every bit Japan and Korea.[110]

Economy [edit]

Customs territory Gdp nominal
billions of USD (2021)[i] 		Gross domestic product nominal per capita
USD (2021)[1] 		Gross domestic product PPP
billions of USD (2021)[1] 		Gdp PPP per capita
USD (2021)[ane]
China sixteen,642.318 11,819 26,656.766 17,205.654
Hong Kong[117] 368.633 49,036 472.395 58,165.200
Macau[118] 39.449 58,004 61.623 58,930.534
Japan v,378.136 42,928 5,585.786 41,636.628
Mongolia fourteen.233 4,172 42.412 12,259.059
North korea N/A N/A North/A N/A
South Korea 1,806.707 34,866 2,436.875 44,292.194
Taiwan 759.104 32,123 i,403.663 54,019.882
East Asia $25,008.58 $14,858 $36,659.52 $21,779.585

Territorial and regional data [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Flag Common Name Official Proper noun ISO 3166 Country Codes[119]
Exonym Endonym Exonym Endonym ISO Brusque Name Blastoff-2 Code Alpha-3 Code Numeric
China 中国 People's Democracy of Prc 中华人民共和国 China CN CHN 156
Hong Kong 香港 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of Prc		 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 Hong Kong HK HKG 344
Macau 澳門 Macao Special Authoritative Region
of the People's Republic of China		 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區 Macao MO MAC 446
Nihon 日本 Japan 日本国 Nihon JP JPN 392
Mongolia Монгол улс / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ 		Mongolia Монгол Улс （ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ）		 Mongolia MN MNG 496
North Korea 조선 Democratic People's Democracy of Korea 조선민주주의인민공화국 Korea (the Democratic People'due south Republic of) KP PRK 408
Republic of korea 한국 South korea 대한민국 Korea (the Commonwealth of) KR KOR 410
Taiwan[120] 臺灣 / 台灣 Democracy of Red china (Taiwan) 中華民國 Taiwan [121] TW TWN 158

Demographics [edit]

State/Territory Area km2 Population[122] [123]
(2018) 		Population density
per kmii 		HDI[124] Uppercase/Administrative Centre
Prc ix,640,011[c] i,427,647,786[d] 138 0.761 Beijing
Hong Kong ane,104 seven,371,730 6,390 0.949 Hong Kong
Macau 30 631,636 18,662 0.914 Macao
Nippon 377,930 127,202,192 337 0.919 Tokyo
Mongolia 1,564,100 3,170,216 ii 0.737 Ulaanbaatar
Democratic people's republic of korea 120,538 25,549,604 198 0.733 Pyongyang[125]
South korea 100,210 51,171,706 500 0.916 Seoul
Taiwan 36,197 23,726,460 639 0.916 Taipei[126]
East Asia 11,840,000 1,683,205,624 141 Increase0.856 ( very high )

Ethnic groups [edit]

Ethnicity Native proper noun Population Language(s) Writing system(s) Major states/territories* Traditional attire
Han/Chinese 漢族 or 汉族 one,313,345,856[127] Chinese (Mandarin, Min, Wu, Yue, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Huizhou, Pinghua, etc.) Simplified Han characters, Traditional Han characters China Taiwan Hong Kong [ commendation needed ] Japan Macau [ citation needed ] South Korea North Korea

Hanfu man and lady.jpg

Yamato/Japanese 大和民族 125,117,000[128] Japanese Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Japan

Shinto married couple.jpg

Korean 조선족 (朝鮮族)
한민족 (韓民族) 		79,432,225[ citation needed ] Korean Hangul, Han characters (Hanja) South Korea North Korea China Japan

Hanbok (female and male).jpg

Bai 白族 1,858,063 Bai, Southwestern Mandarin Simplified Han characters, Latin script China

Bai 5.JPG

Hui 回族 x,586,087[ citation needed ] Northwestern Mandarin, other Chinese Dialects, Huihui language, etc. Simplified Han characters[e] China

HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg

Mongols Монголчууд ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ
Монгол/ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ 		8,942,528 Mongolian Mongol script, Cyrillic script China Mongolia Russia

Mongolian Musician.jpg

Zhuang 壮族 / Bouxcuengh eighteen,000,000 Zhuang, Southwestern Mandarin, etc. Simplified Han characters, Latin script China

Zhuang's beautiful maiden in Chongzuo Fusui.jpg

Uyghurs 维吾尔族 /ئۇيغۇر 15,000,000+[129] Uyghur Arabic alphabet, Latin script China [f]

Uyghur-elders-sunday-market-Kashgar.jpg

Manchus 满族 /ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ 10,422,873[ citation needed ] Northeastern Mandarin, Manchu linguistic communication Simplified Han characters, Mongol script China

Akšan.jpg

Hmong/Miao 苗族 /Ghaob Xongb/Hmub/Mongb 9,426,007[ citation needed ] Hmong/Miao, Southwestern Mandarin Latin script, Simplified Han characters China

贵州黔东南苗族女性（a Miao woman in Qiandongnan，Guizhou）.jpg

Tibetans 藏族 /བོད་པ་ 6,500,000 Tibetan, Rgyal Rong, Rgu, etc. Tibetan script China

People of Tibet46.jpg

Yi 彝族 / ꆈꌠ 8,714,393 Diverse Loloish, Southwestern Mandarin Yi script, Simplified Han characters China

Ethnic Yi China Costume.jpg

Tujia 土家族 eight,353,912 Northern Tujia, Southern Tujia Simplified Han characters China

Tujia women.jpg

Kam 侗族 /Gaeml two,879,974 Gaeml Simplified Han characters, Latin script China

Ethic Dong Liping Guizhou China.jpg

Tu 土族 /Monguor 289,565 Tu, Northwestern Mandarin Simplified Han characters China

Nadun Picture 1.jpg

Daur 达斡尔族 /ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ 131,992 Daur, Northeastern Mandarin Mongol script, Simplified Han characters China Mongolia

Daur woman smiling.jpg

Ethnic Taiwanese Peoples 臺灣原住民 / 高山族 / Yincomin / Kasetaivang / Inanuwayan 533,600 Austronesian languages (Amis, Yami), etc. Latin script, Traditional Han characters Taiwan

Tao1.jpg

Ryukyuan 琉球民族 1,900,000 Japanese
Ryukyuan 		Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Japan Taiwan

Five men wearing Ryukyuan Dress.JPG

Ainu アイヌ / Aynu / Айну 200,000 Japanese
Ainu[130] 		Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Japan

AinuSan.jpg

  • Note: The guild of states/territories follows the population ranking of each ethnicity, within East Asia merely.

East Asian civilisation [edit]

Overview [edit]

The culture of East Asia has largely been influenced past Communist china, as information technology was the culture that had the most dominant influence in the region throughout the ages that ultimately laid the foundation for East Asian civilization.[131] The vast knowledge and ingenuity of Chinese civilization and the classics of Chinese literature and culture were seen as the foundations for a civilised life in Eastern asia. Imperial China served as a vehicle through which the adoption of Confucian upstanding philosophy, Chinese calendar system, political and legal systems, architectural fashion, diet, terminology, institutions, religious beliefs, royal examinations that emphasised a knowledge of Chinese classics, political philosophy and cultural value systems, as well as historically sharing a common writing system reflected in the histories of Japan and Korea.[132] [45] [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [138] [98] The Regal Chinese tributary organisation was the bedrock of network of trade and strange relations betwixt China and its Due east Asian tributaries, which helped to shape much of Due east Asian affairs during the ancient and medieval eras. Through the tributary organization, the diverse dynasties of Majestic China facilitated frequent economic and cultural exchange that influenced the cultures of Japan and Korea and drew them into a Chinese international club.[139] [140] The Imperial Chinese tributary system shaped much of East asia's foreign policy and merchandise for over ii millennia due to Imperial China's economic and cultural dominance over the region, and thus played a huge part in the history of East asia in detail.[49] [140] The relationship between Prc and its cultural influence on Eastern asia has been compared to the historical influence of Greco-Roman civilization on Europe and the Western World.[136] [134] [140] [132]

Religions [edit]

Religion in Eastward Asia (2020)[141]

 Buddhism (52.10%)

 Other (ane.43%)

Faith Native proper noun Creator/Electric current Leader Founded Fourth dimension Primary Denomination Major book Type Est. Followers Ethnic groups States/territories
Chinese folk religion 中國民間信仰 or 中国民间信仰 Spontaneous formation 5000 years from now[ citation needed ] Salvationist, Wuism, Nuo Chinese classics, Huangdi Sijing, precious scrolls, etc. Prehistoric，pantheism，and polytheism ~900,000,000[142] [143] Han, Hmong, Qiang, Tujia (worship of the same ancestor-gods) China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan
Taoism 道教 Zhang Daoling, was considered the founder of Taoism past Taoists. He founded Zhengyi, the earliest denomination of Taoism. Zhang Daoling reformed the Chinese folk religion from Szechuan, into a real, organised, and regulated faith, in 125A.D.. Wang Chongyang founded the Quanzhen Denomination. Tale says Wang Chongyang met two Gods, Lü Dongbin and Han Zhongli, during Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in 1159. He then get started to study Taoism himself. Three years later on, he finished his studying, and founded Quanzhen. The new leader of Zhengyi need to be the son or paternal nephew of the previous leader, confirmed past the court of Zhengyi, in Mount Longhu, Jiangxi. Besides outset from the Vocal Dynasty, the leaders of Zhengyi get started to be confirmed and titled by the Emperor of Prc. In 1949, the 63th leader, Zhang Enfu, fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang, died in 1969 in Taipei. The Kuomintang Authority titled his cousin Zhang Yuanxian every bit the 64th leader, while the Courtroom of Zhengyi back in Jiangxi argued that the oracle already foreseen the leadership will end at the 63th generation. Zhang Yuanxian died in 2008, only left a daughter equally heir. Meanwhile, the Kuomintang Authority didn't confirmed the next leader. On the other mitt, in Mainland China, Zhang Enfu's second daughter's son, Lu Jintao, changes his surname to Zhang, and make it charge of the Court of Zhengyi currently. For the leader of Quanzhen, the final (18th) leader (1335-1362) was Wanyan Deming, titled by the Emperor of Yuan Dynasty. Wanyan Deming was a Jurchen Taoist, the Wanyan family was the imperial house of Jin Dynasty. There is no official leader of Quanzhen after Wanyan Deming anymore.[ citation needed ] 125 A.D. Eastern Han dynasty[ commendation needed ] Zhengyi, Quanzhen Tao Te Ching Pantheism, polytheism ~20,000,000[143] Han, Zhuang, Hmong, Yao, Qiang, Tujia China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan
East Asian Buddhism/Chinese Buddhism 漢傳佛教 or 汉传佛教 The Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhuang, made a dream about the Buddha occasionally, then sent people to the Western Regions to Introduce Buddhism to the Capital, Chang'an, in 67 A.D. In 384 A.D., during the Eastern Jin dynasty, Indian Mālānanda introduced the Chinese Buddhism to Baekje. In 552 A.D., King Seong of Baekje offered Buddhism to the Emperor Kinmei of Japan.[ commendation needed ] 67 A.D. Eastern Han dynasty Mahayana Diamond Sutra Non-God, Dualism. ~300,000,000 Han, Koreans, Yamato China Hong Kong Macau Japan North Korea South Korea Taiwan
Tibetan Buddhism 藏传佛教 /བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན། Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche, Prince of the Ancient Xang Xung Kingdom. 1800 years ago Mahayana, Bon Anuttarayoga Tantra Not-God ~x,000,000 Tibetans, Manchus, Mongols China Mongolia
Shamanism[g] 萨满教 or Бөө мөргөл Spontaneous formation Prehistoric period N/A Prehistoric, polytheism, and pantheism Northward/A Manchus, Mongols, Oroqens China Mongolia
Shintoism 神道 Spontaneous formation Jōmon period Shinto sects Kojiki, Nippon Shoki Prehistoric，pantheism，and polytheism N/A Yamato Japan
Shindo/Muism 신도 or 무교 Spontaneous formation 900 years agone Shindo sects Due north/A Prehistoric，pantheism，and polytheism N/A Koreans North Korea South Korea
Ryukyuan faith 琉球神道 or ニライカナイ信仰 Spontaneous germination N/A N/A N/A Prehistoric，pantheism，and polytheism North/A Ryukyuans Japan ( Okinawa Prefecture )

Festivals [edit]

Festival Native Proper noun Other name Calendar Date Gregorian appointment Activeness Religious practices Food Major ethnicities Major states/territories
Lunar New year's day 農曆新年 / 农历新年 or 春節 / 春节 Jump Festival Chinese Month 1 24-hour interval 1 21 January–xx February Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Fireworks Worship the Male monarch of Gods Nian gao Han, Manchus etc. China Hong Kong Macau Mongolia Taiwan
Korean New year 설날 or 설 Seollal Korean Month 1 Solar day ane 21 January–twenty Feb Ancestors Worship, Family Reunion, Tomb Sweeping N/A Tteokguk Koreans North Korea South Korea
Losar or Tsagaan Sar 藏历新年 /ལོ་གསར་ or 查干萨日 / Цагаан сар White Moon Tibetan, Mongolian Month 1 Twenty-four hours i 25 Jan – two Mar Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Fireworks Northward/A Chhaang or Buuz Tibetans, Mongols, Tu etc. China Mongolia
New Year 元旦 Yuan Dan Gregorian 1 Jan ane January Fireworks N/A Due north/A Northward/A China Hong Kong Macau Japan Mongolia North Korea South Korea Taiwan
Lantern Festival 元宵節 or 元宵节 Upper Yuan Festival ( 上元节 ) Chinese Month 1 Mean solar day 15 4 Feb – 6 Mar Lanterns Expo, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the God of Sky-officer Yuanxiao Han China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan
Daeboreum 대보름 or 정월 대보름 Great Full Moon Korean Month 1 Mean solar day 15 4 Feb – 6 Mar Greeting of the moon, kite-flying, Jwibulnori, eating nuts (Bureom) Bonfires (daljip taeugi) Ogok-bap, namul, nuts Korean North Korea South Korea
Hanshi Festival 寒食節 or 寒食节 Cold Nutrient Festival Solar term Traditionally, on the 105th twenty-four hour period after the Winter solstice. Revised to ane day earlier the Qingming Festival by Johann Adam Schall von Bell (Chinese: 汤若望) during the Qing dynasty. April 3–5 Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, No cooking hot meal/setting fire, Common cold food simply. Cuju, etc. (People used to mix this one with the Qingming Festival due to their close dates) In Retentiveness of a loyal Ancient named Jie Zhitui (Chinese: 介子推), ordered by the Monarch of the Jin (Chinese land), Knuckles Wen of Jin (Chinese: 重耳) Common cold Nutrient, e.m. Qingtuan Han, Koreans, Mongols China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Taiwan
Qingming Festival 清明節 or 清明节 Tomb Sweeping Day Solar term 15th day subsequently the Vernal Equinox. But 1 day after the Hanshi Festival, but in much higher repute. April 4-6th Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Excursion, Planting trees, Flight kites, Tug of state of war, Cuju, etc. (Most the same with the Hanshi Festival's, due to their close dates) Called-for Hell money for deceased family unit members. Planting willow brances to go on ghosts abroad from houses. Boiled eggs Han, Koreans, Mongols China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Taiwan
Dragon Boat Festival 端午節 or 端午节 or 단오 Duanwu Festival / Dano (Surit-nal) Chinese / Korean Month 5 24-hour interval 5 Driving poisons & plague away. (People's republic of china - Dragon Boat Race, Wearing coloured lines, Hanging felon herb on the front door.) / (Korea - Washing hair with iris water, ssireum) Worship diverse Gods Zongzi / Surichwitteok (rice cake with herbs) Han, Koreans, Yamato China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan
Ghost Festival 中元節 or 中元节 or 백중 Mid Yuan Festival Chinese Month 7 Day 15 Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the God of Earth-officer Han, Koreans, Yamato China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan
Mid-Fall Festival 中秋節 or 中秋节 中秋祭 Chinese Month 8 Day 15 Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon view Worship the Moon Goddess Mooncake Han China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan
Chuseok 추석 or 한가위 Hangawi Korean Calendar month 8 Solar day 15 Family unit Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Enjoying Moon view N/A Songpyeon, Torantang (Taro soup) Koreans North Korea South Korea
Tsukimi 月見 or お月見 Tsukimi or Otsukimi Gregorian Calendar month 8 24-hour interval 15 Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon view Worship the Moon Tsukimi Dango, Sweet Potato Yamato Japan *
Double Ninth Festival 重陽節 or 重阳节 Double Positive Festival Chinese Month 9 Twenty-four hour period 09 Climbing Mountain, Taking care of elderly, Wearing Cornus. Worship various Gods Han, Korean, Yamato China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan *
Lower Yuan Festival 下元節 or 下元节 N/A Chinese Calendar month 10 Day fifteen Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the God of Water-officer Ciba Han China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan
Dongzhi Festival 冬至 or 동지 or 冬至 N/A Gregorian Between Dec 21 and December 23 Between December 21 and December 23 Ancestors Worship, Rites to dispel bad spirits Due north/A Tangyuan, Patjuk, Zenzai, Kabocha Han, Koreans, Yamato China Hong Kong Macau North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan
Small New Yr 小年 Jizao ( 祭灶 ) Chinese Month 12 Day 23 Cleaning Houses Worship the God of Hearth tanggua Han, Mongols China Hong Kong Macau Mongolia Taiwan

*Japan switched the appointment to the Gregorian calendar afterward the Meiji Restoration.
*Non always on that Gregorian date, sometimes April 4.

Collaboration [edit]

Eastward Asian Youth Games [edit]

Formerly the East Asian Games, it is a multi-sport outcome organised by the East Asian Games Clan (EAGA) and held every four years since 2019 among athletes from Due east Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), equally well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

It is one of five Regional Games of the OCA. The others are the Cardinal Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), the South Asian Games and the West Asian Games.

Free trade agreements [edit]

Proper name of agreement Parties Leaders at the time Negotiation begins Signing date Outset Current status
Mainland china–South korea FTA China South Korea Eleven Jinping, Park Geun-hye May, 2012 Jun 01, 2015 December 30, 2015 Enforced
China–Japan–Republic of korea FTA China Japan South Korea Eleven Jinping, Shinzō Abe, Park Geun-hye Mar 26, 2013 Northward/A North/A x circular negotiation
Japan-Mongolia EPA Japan Mongolia Shinzō Abe, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj - Feb x, 2015 - Enforced
China-Mongolia FTA China Mongolia Xi Jinping, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj N/A N/A N/A Officially proposed
Mainland china-HK CEPA China Hong Kong Jiang Zemin, Tung Chee-hwa - Jun 29, 2003 - Enforced
China-Macau CEPA China Macau Jiang Zemin, Edmund Ho Hau-wah - October 18, 2003 - Enforced
Hong Kong-Macau CEPA Hong Kong Macau Carrie Lam, Fernando Chui Oct 09, 2015 North/A North/A Negotiating
ECFA China Taiwan Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Jan 26, 2010 Jun 29, 2010 Aug 17, 2010 Enforced
CSSTA (Based on ECFA) China Taiwan Xi Jinping, Ma Ying-jeou Mar, 2011 Jun 21, 2013 North/A Abolished
CSGTA (Based on ECFA) China Taiwan Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Feb 22, 2011 N/A N/A Suspended

Military alliances [edit]

Name Abbr. Parties within the region
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SCO China ( Hong Kong Macau ) Russia
General Security of Military Data Agreement GSOMIA Japan South Korea
Sino-North Korean Mutual Help and Cooperation Friendship Treaty - China ( Hong Kong Macau ) North Korea
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan - United States Japan
Common Defense Treaty Betwixt the United States and the South korea - United States South Korea
Taiwan Relations Human action (Sino-American Common Defence Treaty before 1980) TRA (SAMDT) United States Taiwan
Major not-NATO marry (Global Partners of NATO) - NATO United States Japan South Korea Taiwan [144]

Major cities [edit]

  • v
  • t
  • e

Largest population centres of East asia

[145] [146]

Rank City proper noun State Pop.
Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg
Tokyo

Seoul (South Korea).jpg
Seoul

1 Tokyo Japan 38,140,000 Pudong Shanghai November 2017 panorama.jpg
Shanghai

Parkview Green and CBD skyline (20210927131419).jpg
Beijing

2 Seoul South korea 25,520,000
3 Shanghai People's republic of china 24,484,000
iv Beijing Cathay 21,240,000
5 Osaka Nippon twenty,337,000
6 Chongqing China 13,744,000
seven Guangzhou China xiii,070,000
eight Tianjin China xi,558,000
nine Shenzhen China 10,828,000
10 Chengdu China x,104,000

  • Taipei is the capital, financial centre of Taiwan and anchors a major high-tech industrial area in Taiwan.

  • Seoul is the capital of South Korea, leading global engineering hub.

  • Beijing is the capital letter of the People'south Republic of China.

  • Osaka is the second largest metropolitan area in Nippon.

  • Guangzhou is one of the nigh important cities in southern Cathay. It has a history of over ii,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub today.

  • Nagoya is the third largest metropolitan area in Japan. Nagoya is famous as the location of Lexus headquarters.

  • Kyoto was the imperial capital of Japan for eleven centuries.

  • Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia with a population of 1 million as of 2008.

  • Eleven'an or Chang'an is the oldest of the Four Corking Ancient Capitals of Red china, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties. Information technology has a meaning cultural influence in East asia.

  • Pass of the ISS over Mongolia, looking out west towards the Pacific Bounding main, Prc, and Nippon. As the video progresses, y'all can see major cities along the coast and the Japanese islands on the Philippine Ocean. The island of Guam can exist seen further downwards the laissez passer into the Philippine Ocean, and the pass ends just to the east of New Zealand. A lightning storm can exist seen as light pulses nigh the end of the video.

See also [edit]

  • China–Japan–South Korea trilateral pinnacle
  • East Asia Top
  • Eastern asia–United States relations
  • East Asian Customs
  • East Asian languages
  • East Asian studies
  • East Asian cultural sphere

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Meet[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]
  2. ^ [37] [38] [39] [forty] [41]
  3. ^ Includes all area which under Prc'southward authorities control (excluding "S Tibet" and disputed islands). [ citation needed ]
  4. ^ A note by the United Nations: "For statistical purposes, the information for China do non include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of Red china, and Taiwan Province of Mainland china."[122] [123]
  5. ^ The Hui people also use the Standard arabic alphabet in the religious field.
  6. ^ The Khotons also in Mongolia .
  7. ^ almost Manchu, Mongolian

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Farther reading [edit]

  • Church building, Peter. A brusk history of Southward-Eastern asia (John Wiley & Sons, 2017).
  • Clyde, Paul H., and Burton F. Beers. The Far East: A History of Western Impacts and Eastern Responses, 1830-1975 (1975) online 3rd edition 1958
  • Crofts, Alfred. A history of the Far East (1958) online free to borrow
  • Dennett, Tyler. Americans in Eastern Asia (1922) online free
  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Anne Walthall. Eastward Asia: A cultural, social, and political history (Cengage Learning, 2013).
  • Embree, Ainslie T., ed. Encyclopedia of Asian history (1988)
    • vol. 1 online; vol ii online; vol 3 online; vol 4 online
  • Fairbank, John K., Edwin Reischauer, and Albert Thousand. Craig. Eastern asia: The slap-up tradition and East Asia: The mod transformation (1960) [2 vol 1960] online costless to borrow, famous textbook.
  • Flynn, Matthew J. China Contested: Western Powers in Due east Asia (2006), for secondary schools
  • Gelber, Harry. The dragon and the foreign devils: China and the world, 1100 BC to the present (2011).
  • Green, Michael J. By more than providence: thou strategy and American power in the Asia Pacific since 1783 (2017) a major scholarly survey extract
  • Hall, D.1000.Eastward. History of South Eastward Asia (Macmillan International Higher Education, 1981).
  • Holcombe, Charles. A History of East asia (2nd ed. Cambridge Upward, 2017). excerpt
  • Iriye, Akira. After Imperialism; The Search for a New Order in the Far East 1921-1931. (1965).
  • Jensen, Richard, Jon Davidann, and Yoneyuki Sugita, eds. Trans-Pacific Relations: America, Europe, and Asia in the Twentieth Century (Praeger, 2003), 304 pp online review
  • Keay, John. Empire's Finish: A History of the Far Due east from High Colonialism to Hong Kong (Scribner, 1997). online gratuitous to infringe
  • Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen, eds. Encyclopedia of Modernistic Asia. (six vol. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002).
  • Mackerras, Colin. East asia: an introductory history (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992).
  • Macnair, Harley F. & Donald Lach. Modernistic Far Eastern International Relations. (second ed 1955) 1950 edition online costless, 780pp; focus on 1900-1950.
  • Miller, David Y. Modern E Asia: An Introductory History (Routledge, 2007)
  • Murphey, Rhoads. Eastern asia: A New History (1996)
  • Norman, Henry. The Peoples and Politics of the Far East: Travels and studies in the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies, Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya (1904) online
  • Paine, Southward. C. M. The Wars for Asia, 1911-1949 (2014) extract
  • Prescott, Anne. East asia in the World: An Introduction (Routledge, 2015)
  • Ring, George C. Religions of the Far Eastward: Their History to the Present Day (Kessinger Publishing, 2006).
  • Szpilman, Christopher Westward. A., Sven Saaler. "Japan and Asia" in Routledge Handbook of Modernistic Japanese History (2017) online
  • Steiger, Yard. Nye. A history of the Far Eastward (1936).
  • Vinacke, Harold Thou. A History of the Far E in Modern Times (1964) online costless
  • Vogel, Ezra. Mainland china and Nihon: Facing History (2019) excerpt
  • Woodcock, George. The British in the Far Eastward (1969) online

External links [edit]

  • High resolution map of East Asian region

cawkerfacquirling.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia

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